Literacy has long been considered one of the most powerful instruments of social transformation and human empowerment. Beyond the ability to read and write, literacy equips individuals with the knowledge and skills necessary to navigate increasingly complex social, economic, and technological environments. In contemporary societies, literacy is closely linked to employment opportunities, health awareness, financial inclusion, civic participation, and overall quality of life (UNESCO, 2023). The significance of literacy becomes particularly evident in developing countries, where educational inequalities often reinforce broader patterns of socio-economic disadvantage. Illiteracy can restrict access to government services, limit employment prospects, reduce political participation, and contribute to intergenerational cycles of poverty. Consequently, literacy promotion has remained a central component of development policy across the globe. India’s literacy landscape has undergone significant transformation since independence. According to the Census of India, literacy rates have increased from approximately 18 percent in 1951 to over 77 percent in recent years. While this progress is noteworthy, substantial disparities continue to exist across regions, genders, caste groups, and socio-economic categories. Adult illiteracy remains a major challenge despite decades of policy intervention.