The prevalence of B12 deficiency is now common in most of the developing countries, especially in part of Southeast Asia and Europe. The deficiency of vitamin B12 leads haematological disorders and neuropsychiatric manifestations. The deficiency could be due to insufficient food intake, or malabsorption syndromes. With the emerging technologies and advancement in food manufacturing practices, various researches have been conducted in past to combat vitamin B12 deficiency among individuals. This review will discuss the prevalence of vitamin B12 insufficiency at extremely vulnerable ages, its causes and bioavailability. Additionally, numerous components of therapy procedures like supplementation, food fortification, fermentation and encapsulation are also highlighted with previous researches