Journal of Scientific and Technical Research
Issue 2, 2022
Original Articles
Abstract
Introducing secondary cementitious material (SCM) helps reduce CO2 emissions in the cement and construction industry, during and performance advantages, including low permeability, resistance to chlorides and sulfates, mitigation of alkali-silica reaction, greater strength, and lower temperatures for mass Concrete and improved workability. Industrial waste such as SCM, such as fly ash, slag, silica fume, volcanic ash, and other by-products from the different process mixing with clinker and gypsum, in varying proportions, at the grinding stage of blended cement manufacturing. A new SCM as Limestone Calcined Clay Cement (LC3) is a unique material that is also a cementitious material for the future to reduce dependency on industrial waste as SCM. In this paper usage of LC3 and its impact and benefits are discussed.
Introducing secondary cementitious material (SCM) helps reduce CO2 emissions in the cement and construction industry, during and performance advantages, including low permeability, resistance to chlorides and sulfates, mitigation of alkali-silica reaction, greater strength, and lower temperatures for mass Concrete and improved workability. Industrial waste such as SCM, such as fly ash, slag, silica fume, volcanic ash, and other by-products from the different process mixing with clinker and gypsum, in varying proportions, at the grinding stage of blended cement manufacturing. A new SCM as Limestone Calcined Clay Cement (LC3) is a unique material that is also a cementitious material for the future to reduce dependency on industrial waste as SCM. In this paper usage of LC3 and its impact and benefits are discussed.
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Abstract
Coronaviruses are enveloped RNA viruses having wide range of applications in pharmaceuticals, medical and biomedical fields. The finding of a recently discovered coronavirus as the root of severe acute respiratory syndrome has increased attentiveness in this viral family during the previous years (SARS). From 2019 to 2022, world has suffered with a serious issue and every stage of people has been affected. In March 2020, WHO announced corona virus as a disease also called COVID-19. At the molecular level, coronaviruses employ a variety of novel methods to carry out a sophisticated system of expression of genes. Coronavirus replication depends on ribosomal frameshifting during genomic translating steps, the synthesis of multiple subgenomic RNA species, and the assembly of virus replication by a method exclusive to encapsulated RNA viruses. According to experimental research, SARS-CoV-2 has a genomic sequence that is 96.2% identical to a bat CoV RaTG13 and 79.5% identical to SARS-CoV. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has undergone various mutations during its Global Circulation. This comprehensive review contains the summary of detailed biomolecular modification related to its different variants. SARS-CoV-2 variants are differentiated into 3 class based on their risk analysis: VOI (Variants of interest), Variants of high consequences and VOC (Variants of public health importance or concern). Such variants with different genetic modifications have been directly related to mortality, morbidity rate and severity as well.
Coronaviruses are enveloped RNA viruses having wide range of applications in pharmaceuticals, medical and biomedical fields. The finding of a recently discovered coronavirus as the root of severe acute respiratory syndrome has increased attentiveness in this viral family during the previous years (SARS). From 2019 to 2022, world has suffered with a serious issue and every stage of people has been affected. In March 2020, WHO announced corona virus as a disease also called COVID-19. At the molecular level, coronaviruses employ a variety of novel methods to carry out a sophisticated system of expression of genes. Coronavirus replication depends on ribosomal frameshifting during genomic translating steps, the synthesis of multiple subgenomic RNA species, and the assembly of virus replication by a method exclusive to encapsulated RNA viruses. According to experimental research, SARS-CoV-2 has a genomic sequence that is 96.2% identical to a bat CoV RaTG13 and 79.5% identical to SARS-CoV. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has undergone various mutations during its Global Circulation. This comprehensive review contains the summary of detailed biomolecular modification related to its different variants. SARS-CoV-2 variants are differentiated into 3 class based on their risk analysis: VOI (Variants of interest), Variants of high consequences and VOC (Variants of public health importance or concern). Such variants with different genetic modifications have been directly related to mortality, morbidity rate and severity as well.
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Abstract
Orofacial pain is one of the most widespread and debilitating diseases condition affecting the head, face, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ), as well as other tissues. It can arise from different aetiologies and occur in different regions. In contrast to neurovascular disorders like primary headache, which can manifest as persistent orofacial pain, trigeminal neuropathic problems are caused by damage from dental treatments, infections, neoplasms, or malfunction of the Peripheral or central nervous system. The sufferers’ quality of life is impacted by all these trigeminal system disorders. When choosing a treatment plan for orofacial pain problems, a multidisciplinary strategy that uses both non-pharmacological and pharmacological way should be considered.
Orofacial pain is one of the most widespread and debilitating diseases condition affecting the head, face, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ), as well as other tissues. It can arise from different aetiologies and occur in different regions. In contrast to neurovascular disorders like primary headache, which can manifest as persistent orofacial pain, trigeminal neuropathic problems are caused by damage from dental treatments, infections, neoplasms, or malfunction of the Peripheral or central nervous system. The sufferers’ quality of life is impacted by all these trigeminal system disorders. When choosing a treatment plan for orofacial pain problems, a multidisciplinary strategy that uses both non-pharmacological and pharmacological way should be considered.
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Abstract
Heavy metals are known to be present naturally in the earth’s crust in trace quantities. However, their increased concentrations can be attributed to erratic human activities such as urbanization, industrialization, and extensive use in agricultural practices. Heavy metals such as arsenic, cadmium, mercury, chromium, and lead cause serious health hazards and deleterious effects on all life forms through chronic exposure and bioaccumulation into the food chain. Owing to the known carcinogenic effects of heavy metals, globally it is one of the most sought-after areas of research interest in the public health domain. While humans and animals are exposed to heavy metals via soil, water, and air, plants being sessile in nature, cannot avoid these contaminants and hence develop their mechanism of detoxification and tolerance for their survival resulting in phytotoxicity leading to reduced food quality. The need for sustainable and eco-friendly interventions is being researched, including phytoremediation and bioremediation, which are promising future and economically viable methods to reduce heavy metal toxicity.
Heavy metals are known to be present naturally in the earth’s crust in trace quantities. However, their increased concentrations can be attributed to erratic human activities such as urbanization, industrialization, and extensive use in agricultural practices. Heavy metals such as arsenic, cadmium, mercury, chromium, and lead cause serious health hazards and deleterious effects on all life forms through chronic exposure and bioaccumulation into the food chain. Owing to the known carcinogenic effects of heavy metals, globally it is one of the most sought-after areas of research interest in the public health domain. While humans and animals are exposed to heavy metals via soil, water, and air, plants being sessile in nature, cannot avoid these contaminants and hence develop their mechanism of detoxification and tolerance for their survival resulting in phytotoxicity leading to reduced food quality. The need for sustainable and eco-friendly interventions is being researched, including phytoremediation and bioremediation, which are promising future and economically viable methods to reduce heavy metal toxicity.
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Abstract
Today there is a growing trend of using natural, biogenic or environment friendly materials to meet the ever increasing demand of the world population for their desire on high performance materials for construction, transportation, electronic and electrical appliances as well as in environmental remediation and health care products including lifesaving equipments and drugs. In this context, the natural materials, particularly the natural nanocomposites, have gained special attention also considering their traditional uses across civilizations for wastewater treatment, making health care products and packaging materials, and for their multitude of promising functional properties. In this paper, we are concerned with the structure, properties and applications of naturally occurring nanocomposite materials and their derivatives in wild, raw or unmodified state and the synthetic ones. We first start with an overview of the importance of the natural nanocomposite and their applications. We further discuss the structure and properties of some specific natural nanomaterials such as biomineralized systems taking examples of bones and shells of abalone followed by the discussions on naturally occurring clays, halloysites, and layered double hydroxides. Finally, we discuss the mechanical, electrical and thermal properties of nanomaterials and their derivatives while concluding the discussion with the uses of the composites in various areas such as packaging, coatings and other high-performance applications in aerospace engineering, environmental remediation and health care industry (designing drug delivery systems, tissue engineering etc).
Today there is a growing trend of using natural, biogenic or environment friendly materials to meet the ever increasing demand of the world population for their desire on high performance materials for construction, transportation, electronic and electrical appliances as well as in environmental remediation and health care products including lifesaving equipments and drugs. In this context, the natural materials, particularly the natural nanocomposites, have gained special attention also considering their traditional uses across civilizations for wastewater treatment, making health care products and packaging materials, and for their multitude of promising functional properties. In this paper, we are concerned with the structure, properties and applications of naturally occurring nanocomposite materials and their derivatives in wild, raw or unmodified state and the synthetic ones. We first start with an overview of the importance of the natural nanocomposite and their applications. We further discuss the structure and properties of some specific natural nanomaterials such as biomineralized systems taking examples of bones and shells of abalone followed by the discussions on naturally occurring clays, halloysites, and layered double hydroxides. Finally, we discuss the mechanical, electrical and thermal properties of nanomaterials and their derivatives while concluding the discussion with the uses of the composites in various areas such as packaging, coatings and other high-performance applications in aerospace engineering, environmental remediation and health care industry (designing drug delivery systems, tissue engineering etc).
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Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. From decades and decades cancer has been the most undefeated diseases all over the world, despite of clinical research and trials. Cancer term also refers to proliferation of cells. At the time of cancer development, there is a imbalance between tumor suppresser genes and tumor oncogenes. Among the type of cancers, lung and breast cancer are the most common type of cancer worldwide. It further leads for abnormal cell cycle and results in tumor formation. This whole process involves a series of pathways like, Wnt-Beta Catenin pathway, TNF pathway, MAPK pathway, NF-kB pathway, Arf/p53 pathway, intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis. This exhaustive review note throughs a lime light on different pathways for the development and progression of cancer. Scientists working in related field may find this article useful. The role of different enzymes and biomolecules in cancer development has been elaborated in the manuscript
Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. From decades and decades cancer has been the most undefeated diseases all over the world, despite of clinical research and trials. Cancer term also refers to proliferation of cells. At the time of cancer development, there is a imbalance between tumor suppresser genes and tumor oncogenes. Among the type of cancers, lung and breast cancer are the most common type of cancer worldwide. It further leads for abnormal cell cycle and results in tumor formation. This whole process involves a series of pathways like, Wnt-Beta Catenin pathway, TNF pathway, MAPK pathway, NF-kB pathway, Arf/p53 pathway, intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis. This exhaustive review note throughs a lime light on different pathways for the development and progression of cancer. Scientists working in related field may find this article useful. The role of different enzymes and biomolecules in cancer development has been elaborated in the manuscript
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Abstract
World Health Organization has announced Corona Virus as a pandemic causing infectant. Similarly, Monkeypox virus also has affected numerous people across the globe after CoV outbreak. The purpose of the study is to analyse about disease’s occurrence and how similar and different they are to one another in several aspects. The regional surveillance system noticed an upsurge in monkeypox (MPX) infections in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) October 2013. There is little knowledge of how MPV entered the community and the elements that influence transmission within the homes. There were 68 wild creatures gathered and examined for the orthopoxvirus. Antibodies to two of the three rope squirrels (Funisciurus sp.) were positive with rthopoxviruses, but there was no evidence linking rope squirrel intake or preparation to a higher risk. To find risk factors of introduction of MPV transmission in community and homes a case-control and retrospective cohort investigations were carried out and the people who were most usually recognized as the first person infected in the family were male students. Using the same plate or cup as the primary case while sleeping in the same room or bed was another risk factor for contracting MPXV in a family. Eating or preparing wild animals did not pose any substantial risks. The virus causing COVID-19 is SARS-CoV-2 it shares a genome with two bats coronaviruses which are 82% bat-SL-CoVZXC21 and bat-SL-CoVZC45 by more than 89%. The WHO has classified this as a global pandemic and only supportive care is offered to patients as of right now. Presented Review article contains a detailed note on various similarities and differences between both the pandemic viruses.
World Health Organization has announced Corona Virus as a pandemic causing infectant. Similarly, Monkeypox virus also has affected numerous people across the globe after CoV outbreak. The purpose of the study is to analyse about disease’s occurrence and how similar and different they are to one another in several aspects. The regional surveillance system noticed an upsurge in monkeypox (MPX) infections in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) October 2013. There is little knowledge of how MPV entered the community and the elements that influence transmission within the homes. There were 68 wild creatures gathered and examined for the orthopoxvirus. Antibodies to two of the three rope squirrels (Funisciurus sp.) were positive with rthopoxviruses, but there was no evidence linking rope squirrel intake or preparation to a higher risk. To find risk factors of introduction of MPV transmission in community and homes a case-control and retrospective cohort investigations were carried out and the people who were most usually recognized as the first person infected in the family were male students. Using the same plate or cup as the primary case while sleeping in the same room or bed was another risk factor for contracting MPXV in a family. Eating or preparing wild animals did not pose any substantial risks. The virus causing COVID-19 is SARS-CoV-2 it shares a genome with two bats coronaviruses which are 82% bat-SL-CoVZXC21 and bat-SL-CoVZC45 by more than 89%. The WHO has classified this as a global pandemic and only supportive care is offered to patients as of right now. Presented Review article contains a detailed note on various similarities and differences between both the pandemic viruses.
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