Journal of Scientific and Technical Research
Issue 1, 2025
Original Articles
Abstract
Phases and thin films have been an interesting topic in the world of materials science. Adsorption of an adatom on a substrate result in exceptional properties than the bulk phase, its deposition often performed in ultrahigh vacuum. These extraordinary physical, chemical and electronic properties find applications in solar cells, sensors, metal interconnects of circuits, protective coatings and spintronic devices. Halogens have been widely studied for their metal etching reactions. This study provides a review of bromine adsorption on different substrates. The adsorption has resulted in many phases and reconstructions, studied using scanning tunnelling microscopy, low energy electron diffraction and density functional theory. Understanding the formation and dissociation of bromine phases provides a crucial insight about how bromine behaves at atomic levels and can result in improvement in the power conversion efficiency and junction quality of solar cells and metal interconnects.
Phases and thin films have been an interesting topic in the world of materials science. Adsorption of an adatom on a substrate result in exceptional properties than the bulk phase, its deposition often performed in ultrahigh vacuum. These extraordinary physical, chemical and electronic properties find applications in solar cells, sensors, metal interconnects of circuits, protective coatings and spintronic devices. Halogens have been widely studied for their metal etching reactions. This study provides a review of bromine adsorption on different substrates. The adsorption has resulted in many phases and reconstructions, studied using scanning tunnelling microscopy, low energy electron diffraction and density functional theory. Understanding the formation and dissociation of bromine phases provides a crucial insight about how bromine behaves at atomic levels and can result in improvement in the power conversion efficiency and junction quality of solar cells and metal interconnects.
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Abstract
The history of synthetic DNA includes the discovery of its structure and the development of techniques for its chemical synthesis. DNA synthesis story dates back to the work of E. J. Corey when he used the term synthons. At that time, this was a new but an important concept, never conceived before in the area of nucleic acid research. A synthon is defined as a hypothetical chemical fragment that can be used as a potential starting reagent in the synthesis of a target molecule. Synthons are created by breaking a target molecule into fragments through a series of logical disconnection involving deep chemistry. Therefore, synthon preceded the synthesis of DNA. The first successful synthetic DNA synthesis was reported by Khorana and his team.Fortunately, the discovery of DNA structure reported earlier by Watson and Crick turned out to be so accurate that it stood all the rigours and test of time. This discovery affected both pure and applied sciences changing the face of Biochemical, Biomedical and Biological researches in a big way. Today multibillion dollars Biotechnology industry is revolving around the synthetic DNA. Here, we discuss historical perspective of its synthesis with brief background information, highlighting commercially available synthesizers’ and use of synthetic DNA in difference areas of biology, medicine and forensic sciences. We also propose a conceptual framework of cancer prognosis involving NSG DNA fingerprinting. Rampant use of synthetic DNA in conducting polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is all too well known to us, indeed a boon for human health care system. This is because PCR is helpful for DNA based disease diagnosis, identification and origin of samples in forensic cases, gene expression and regulation studies, characterization of microbiomes, genome analysis, species and gender identification and DNA fingerprinting. Conceptually, synthetic DNA may be used as chromosome specific marker if unique sequences are pre-recorded from such chromosomes. Synthetic DNA can be used to fish out transcribing sequences close to repeat element by employing minisatellite associated sequence amplification Article can be accessed online at www.publishingindia.com (MASA) by a simple PCR. Using single or multiple synthetic oligonucleotides, gene expression can be monitored and quantitated. This approach is useful both for genomic DNA and cDNA. Finally species and gender specific markers based on synthetic DNA may be developed for any species. Such markers are useful both for species identification in forensic cases and for identification of newer mutations. Accordingly, mutational load in any species may be uncovered. This approach is particularly useful for genes involved in causing human diseases. Similarly, screening of genomic and cDNA libraries may be conducted using synthetic DNA circumventing the use of radiolabelled genome derived cloned probes. Frequent use of PCR has enhanced the requirement of synthetic DNA for mining a large number of normal alleles and diseased genes. Synthetic DNA may be used for ascertaining the food adulteration, cell culture contamination, strain identification and for monitoring the success of bone marrow transplantation. Without synthetic DNA, sequencing reaction cannot be done. This paper is envisaged to impel the thoughts of both students and researchers enabling them to articulate their research dreams in a better and more logical manner. This will not only result in some original scientific contributions but also augment the much desired human health care system
The history of synthetic DNA includes the discovery of its structure and the development of techniques for its chemical synthesis. DNA synthesis story dates back to the work of E. J. Corey when he used the term synthons. At that time, this was a new but an important concept, never conceived before in the area of nucleic acid research. A synthon is defined as a hypothetical chemical fragment that can be used as a potential starting reagent in the synthesis of a target molecule. Synthons are created by breaking a target molecule into fragments through a series of logical disconnection involving deep chemistry. Therefore, synthon preceded the synthesis of DNA. The first successful synthetic DNA synthesis was reported by Khorana and his team.Fortunately, the discovery of DNA structure reported earlier by Watson and Crick turned out to be so accurate that it stood all the rigours and test of time. This discovery affected both pure and applied sciences changing the face of Biochemical, Biomedical and Biological researches in a big way. Today multibillion dollars Biotechnology industry is revolving around the synthetic DNA. Here, we discuss historical perspective of its synthesis with brief background information, highlighting commercially available synthesizers’ and use of synthetic DNA in difference areas of biology, medicine and forensic sciences. We also propose a conceptual framework of cancer prognosis involving NSG DNA fingerprinting. Rampant use of synthetic DNA in conducting polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is all too well known to us, indeed a boon for human health care system. This is because PCR is helpful for DNA based disease diagnosis, identification and origin of samples in forensic cases, gene expression and regulation studies, characterization of microbiomes, genome analysis, species and gender identification and DNA fingerprinting. Conceptually, synthetic DNA may be used as chromosome specific marker if unique sequences are pre-recorded from such chromosomes. Synthetic DNA can be used to fish out transcribing sequences close to repeat element by employing minisatellite associated sequence amplification Article can be accessed online at www.publishingindia.com (MASA) by a simple PCR. Using single or multiple synthetic oligonucleotides, gene expression can be monitored and quantitated. This approach is useful both for genomic DNA and cDNA. Finally species and gender specific markers based on synthetic DNA may be developed for any species. Such markers are useful both for species identification in forensic cases and for identification of newer mutations. Accordingly, mutational load in any species may be uncovered. This approach is particularly useful for genes involved in causing human diseases. Similarly, screening of genomic and cDNA libraries may be conducted using synthetic DNA circumventing the use of radiolabelled genome derived cloned probes. Frequent use of PCR has enhanced the requirement of synthetic DNA for mining a large number of normal alleles and diseased genes. Synthetic DNA may be used for ascertaining the food adulteration, cell culture contamination, strain identification and for monitoring the success of bone marrow transplantation. Without synthetic DNA, sequencing reaction cannot be done. This paper is envisaged to impel the thoughts of both students and researchers enabling them to articulate their research dreams in a better and more logical manner. This will not only result in some original scientific contributions but also augment the much desired human health care system
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The global pursuit of lightweight, highperformance, and sustainable materials has paved the way for the widespread use of plant fiber composites in various industries, ranging from automotive to aerospace, construction, and consumer goods. Despite their potential, predicting the mechanical properties of plant fiber composites remains a complex challenge due to the inherent variability of natural fibers, diverse processing parameters, and the multitude of performance requirements. This paper proposes a conceptual framework for developing a multiobjective predictive model that elucidates the relationships among material constituents, fabrication parameters, and resulting mechanical properties in plant fiber composites. The proposed model integrates methodologies from statistical, computational, and artificial intelligence (AI) domains— namely response surface methodology (RSM), finite element analysis (FEA), artificial neural networks (ANNs), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS), and multi-objective genetic algorithms (MOGAs)—to address simultaneous optimization objectives. An extensive, PhD-level literature review underscores the theoretical foundations and best practices for studying plant fiber composites, while also highlighting critical research gaps such as moisture sensitivity, thermal stability, interfacial adhesion, and limited predictive frameworks. By incorporating state-of-the-art approaches, the paper proposes a robust, multi-objective decision support tool capable of guiding the selection and design of plant fiber composites with targeted mechanical properties. This conceptual framework offers a blueprint for future experimental validations and industrial applications, ultimately advancing the sustainable adoption of plant fiber composites in high-performance engineering solutions.
The global pursuit of lightweight, highperformance, and sustainable materials has paved the way for the widespread use of plant fiber composites in various industries, ranging from automotive to aerospace, construction, and consumer goods. Despite their potential, predicting the mechanical properties of plant fiber composites remains a complex challenge due to the inherent variability of natural fibers, diverse processing parameters, and the multitude of performance requirements. This paper proposes a conceptual framework for developing a multiobjective predictive model that elucidates the relationships among material constituents, fabrication parameters, and resulting mechanical properties in plant fiber composites. The proposed model integrates methodologies from statistical, computational, and artificial intelligence (AI) domains— namely response surface methodology (RSM), finite element analysis (FEA), artificial neural networks (ANNs), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS), and multi-objective genetic algorithms (MOGAs)—to address simultaneous optimization objectives. An extensive, PhD-level literature review underscores the theoretical foundations and best practices for studying plant fiber composites, while also highlighting critical research gaps such as moisture sensitivity, thermal stability, interfacial adhesion, and limited predictive frameworks. By incorporating state-of-the-art approaches, the paper proposes a robust, multi-objective decision support tool capable of guiding the selection and design of plant fiber composites with targeted mechanical properties. This conceptual framework offers a blueprint for future experimental validations and industrial applications, ultimately advancing the sustainable adoption of plant fiber composites in high-performance engineering solutions.
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Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) presents as a fast-growing brain tumour resulting in poor clinical outcomes because it shows resistance to standard treatment modalities. GBM progression as well as therapeutic resistance results from both abnormal receptor tyrosine kinase activation such as c-Met and overexpressed mitotic motor proteins. In this study, using PyRx 0.8 with AutoDock Vina software to virtually screen 24 Artemisia biennis phytochemicals against c-Met (PDB ID: 5EYD) and a motor protein (PDB ID: 4JT5) was the approach. An accurate sampling approach was achieved through the defined docking grid parameters derived from validated binding sites of both proteins with an exhaustiveness value set at 8. The most effective compound IMPHY011581 showed strong dual-target potential through bindings of –7.7 kcal/mol and –7.0 kcal/mol to the proteins 4JT5 and 5EYD respectively. All ligands exhibited stable docking poses with RMSD values of 0.0 Å. These findings suggest that selected A. Biennis phytoconstituents may serve as promising multitarget inhibitors and provide a foundation for further development of natural therapeutic agents against glioblastoma.
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) presents as a fast-growing brain tumour resulting in poor clinical outcomes because it shows resistance to standard treatment modalities. GBM progression as well as therapeutic resistance results from both abnormal receptor tyrosine kinase activation such as c-Met and overexpressed mitotic motor proteins. In this study, using PyRx 0.8 with AutoDock Vina software to virtually screen 24 Artemisia biennis phytochemicals against c-Met (PDB ID: 5EYD) and a motor protein (PDB ID: 4JT5) was the approach. An accurate sampling approach was achieved through the defined docking grid parameters derived from validated binding sites of both proteins with an exhaustiveness value set at 8. The most effective compound IMPHY011581 showed strong dual-target potential through bindings of –7.7 kcal/mol and –7.0 kcal/mol to the proteins 4JT5 and 5EYD respectively. All ligands exhibited stable docking poses with RMSD values of 0.0 Å. These findings suggest that selected A. Biennis phytoconstituents may serve as promising multitarget inhibitors and provide a foundation for further development of natural therapeutic agents against glioblastoma.
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The human body has close to about 200 different types of cells. Morphologically, and physiologically they are different. A perusal of literature shows that there are over 200 different types of cancers. These cancers are classified by the part of the body where they begin, and the type of cells they start in. It is therefore logical to infer that every single type of cell is prone to cancer. Once a cell becomes cancerous, it loses its Genetical, physical, physiological, immunological and morphological integrities. Each type of cancer has its own name and treatment. Common types of cancer are Bladder, Breast, Colorectal, Kidney, Lung, Lymphoma, Pancreatic, Prostate, Skin and uterine cancers. A major “burning question” in cancer research is “why do some people develop cancer while others with similar risk factors do not”. This essentially boils down to understanding the complex interplay of genetics, environment, and lifestyle factors. These factors determine who gets cancer and who doesn’t, even with similar exposures. About 5–10% of cancers are hereditary, meaning that they are caused by an inherited gene mutation. Thus, the risk of developing cancer is higher for people with inherited gene mutations. Several Cancers that have genetic basis include Breast, Bowel, Stomach and Prostate cancer besides Retinoblastoma in children. When the same types of cancers run in families, these are called Article can be accessed online at www.publishingindia.com familial cancer. In this paper, we discuss nuances of cancers and their correlation with different factors including lifestyle, food habits and environment. With this background, we present a Conceptual Framework of Cancer Prognosis Involving NGS Based DNA Fingerprinting. Such technical infusion is envisaged to uncover answers to a large number of questions facilitating not only prognosis but also deeper understanding of the aetiology of cancer and search for their likely remedial measures.
The human body has close to about 200 different types of cells. Morphologically, and physiologically they are different. A perusal of literature shows that there are over 200 different types of cancers. These cancers are classified by the part of the body where they begin, and the type of cells they start in. It is therefore logical to infer that every single type of cell is prone to cancer. Once a cell becomes cancerous, it loses its Genetical, physical, physiological, immunological and morphological integrities. Each type of cancer has its own name and treatment. Common types of cancer are Bladder, Breast, Colorectal, Kidney, Lung, Lymphoma, Pancreatic, Prostate, Skin and uterine cancers. A major “burning question” in cancer research is “why do some people develop cancer while others with similar risk factors do not”. This essentially boils down to understanding the complex interplay of genetics, environment, and lifestyle factors. These factors determine who gets cancer and who doesn’t, even with similar exposures. About 5–10% of cancers are hereditary, meaning that they are caused by an inherited gene mutation. Thus, the risk of developing cancer is higher for people with inherited gene mutations. Several Cancers that have genetic basis include Breast, Bowel, Stomach and Prostate cancer besides Retinoblastoma in children. When the same types of cancers run in families, these are called Article can be accessed online at www.publishingindia.com familial cancer. In this paper, we discuss nuances of cancers and their correlation with different factors including lifestyle, food habits and environment. With this background, we present a Conceptual Framework of Cancer Prognosis Involving NGS Based DNA Fingerprinting. Such technical infusion is envisaged to uncover answers to a large number of questions facilitating not only prognosis but also deeper understanding of the aetiology of cancer and search for their likely remedial measures.
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Pediatric cancer is of various forms is the primary cause of death in children. Children undergoing cancer treatment are particularly vulnerable to malnutrition due to the challenge of maintaining adequate nutrient intake necessary for growth and development. Since malnutrition can happen at any point throughout a patient’s course of treatment, detailed dietary recommendations and proactive management techniques are required. In pediatric oncology, it is essential to manage nutrition well in order to avoid malnutrition and its negative consequences, which can impair quality of life and the effectiveness of therapy. Different forms of malnutrition make the situation more difficult and the treatment procedure more difficult. Therefore, standardized nutritional screening and evaluation should be performed often during therapy and follow-up. Rigorous dietary modifications and intake pattern inclusion in pediatric oncology therapy is critical to boosting recuperation, promoting treatment tolerance, and guaranteeing improved long-term health results. Like other supportive care procedures, nutritional strategies are important and should be used with the same amount of discipline. Optimizing nutritional status before, during, and after treatment can improve quality of life and longterm survival for patients and survivors of pediatric cancer
Pediatric cancer is of various forms is the primary cause of death in children. Children undergoing cancer treatment are particularly vulnerable to malnutrition due to the challenge of maintaining adequate nutrient intake necessary for growth and development. Since malnutrition can happen at any point throughout a patient’s course of treatment, detailed dietary recommendations and proactive management techniques are required. In pediatric oncology, it is essential to manage nutrition well in order to avoid malnutrition and its negative consequences, which can impair quality of life and the effectiveness of therapy. Different forms of malnutrition make the situation more difficult and the treatment procedure more difficult. Therefore, standardized nutritional screening and evaluation should be performed often during therapy and follow-up. Rigorous dietary modifications and intake pattern inclusion in pediatric oncology therapy is critical to boosting recuperation, promoting treatment tolerance, and guaranteeing improved long-term health results. Like other supportive care procedures, nutritional strategies are important and should be used with the same amount of discipline. Optimizing nutritional status before, during, and after treatment can improve quality of life and longterm survival for patients and survivors of pediatric cancer
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Free Space Optical (FSO) communication has been of special interest due to its capability to provide highspeed, secure, and interference-immune data transmission. Nevertheless, several constraints have hindered it from being widely implemented. The unreliable nature of FSO links stems from three principal factors which include atmospheric turbulence and alignment sensitivity and dependency on environment conditions. The combination of RF and FSO technology represents a solution to data integrity problems caused by security attacks through physical access and eavesdropping. Real-time traffic management and transition between systems proves to be a disadvantage of these hybrid systems. Machine learning techniques have been explored to mitigate the effects of turbulence, but problems like high computational complexity, data dependency, and real-time flexibility remain. Security of FSO networks is another area of highest priority, with measures taken to improve confidentiality and robustness through improvements in techniques of encryption, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), and adaptive beam steering. Future research has to tackle such challenges by formulating adaptive machine learning algorithms, effective data-driven atmospheric modeling, and light-weight encryption methods for real-time deployment. The implementation of hybrid communication systems requires dynamic adjustment of resources with high-security measures that protect against cyber and physical attacks. Quantum communication technologies offer improved security protection to FSO networks which makes them suitable for critical applications such as space connection and military networks and metropolitan networks. The successful execution of FSO network deployment depends on closing these knowledge gaps which will build secure and highperformance FSO networks between theory and practice.
Free Space Optical (FSO) communication has been of special interest due to its capability to provide highspeed, secure, and interference-immune data transmission. Nevertheless, several constraints have hindered it from being widely implemented. The unreliable nature of FSO links stems from three principal factors which include atmospheric turbulence and alignment sensitivity and dependency on environment conditions. The combination of RF and FSO technology represents a solution to data integrity problems caused by security attacks through physical access and eavesdropping. Real-time traffic management and transition between systems proves to be a disadvantage of these hybrid systems. Machine learning techniques have been explored to mitigate the effects of turbulence, but problems like high computational complexity, data dependency, and real-time flexibility remain. Security of FSO networks is another area of highest priority, with measures taken to improve confidentiality and robustness through improvements in techniques of encryption, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), and adaptive beam steering. Future research has to tackle such challenges by formulating adaptive machine learning algorithms, effective data-driven atmospheric modeling, and light-weight encryption methods for real-time deployment. The implementation of hybrid communication systems requires dynamic adjustment of resources with high-security measures that protect against cyber and physical attacks. Quantum communication technologies offer improved security protection to FSO networks which makes them suitable for critical applications such as space connection and military networks and metropolitan networks. The successful execution of FSO network deployment depends on closing these knowledge gaps which will build secure and highperformance FSO networks between theory and practice.
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Preterm infants face difficulty in adjusting to extra uterine life due to weak and immature organ system. Newborn reflexes such as sucking and rooting are essential for a baby to begin oral feeding. Failure to develop essential reflexes in time leads to dehydration and failure to thrive especially in case of preterm birth. New oral motor exercise called Preterm Infant Oral Motor Intervention (PIOMI) has proven to be efficient in improving feeding abilities in preterm infants. This review is planned to measure the efficacy of intervention among inpatient preterm infants. The systematic review and meta-analysis has been carried out by following PRISMA guidelines. The review was carried out by utilizing literature search database like PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and Academia from 2010 till 2023. All Randomised control and clinical trials were included. Out of 223 studies reviewed, nine studies were included in Meta-analysis with 474 preterm infants as study samples. The PIOMI has been found to be effective in attaining oral feeding progression, reducing length of hospital stay and weight gain among preterm infants. This review highlights that the PIOMI is effective in accelerating oral feeding reducing hospital stay and improving the weight among preterm infants. This review also recommends adopting PIOMI as standard best practice for oral motor therapy for preterm infants as early as 29 weeks gestational age and continuing until full oral feedings are reached.
Preterm infants face difficulty in adjusting to extra uterine life due to weak and immature organ system. Newborn reflexes such as sucking and rooting are essential for a baby to begin oral feeding. Failure to develop essential reflexes in time leads to dehydration and failure to thrive especially in case of preterm birth. New oral motor exercise called Preterm Infant Oral Motor Intervention (PIOMI) has proven to be efficient in improving feeding abilities in preterm infants. This review is planned to measure the efficacy of intervention among inpatient preterm infants. The systematic review and meta-analysis has been carried out by following PRISMA guidelines. The review was carried out by utilizing literature search database like PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and Academia from 2010 till 2023. All Randomised control and clinical trials were included. Out of 223 studies reviewed, nine studies were included in Meta-analysis with 474 preterm infants as study samples. The PIOMI has been found to be effective in attaining oral feeding progression, reducing length of hospital stay and weight gain among preterm infants. This review highlights that the PIOMI is effective in accelerating oral feeding reducing hospital stay and improving the weight among preterm infants. This review also recommends adopting PIOMI as standard best practice for oral motor therapy for preterm infants as early as 29 weeks gestational age and continuing until full oral feedings are reached.
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Infants who are born before 37 weeks of gestation and have birth weight less than 2.5 Kg are termed as Preterm Low-Birth Weight Neonates. It is vital to analyze the distribution of characteristics of Preterm Low-Birth Weight Neonates such as age at admission, sex, birth weight, gestational duration and nutritional approaches for meeting their needs of specialized care. The study aims to explore uniformity in Clinical Profile of these neonates. A cross-sectional study investigation was carried out among 122 neonates at a tertiary level NICU from July 2024 to December 2024 using consecutive sampling technique. Data was gathered on age, sex, birth weight, gestational age, and feeding practices using Case Record Form. The chi-square test was used to analyze the findings. It revealed thattheir birth weights point outneed for advanced NICU resources, and their diverse traits make them an ideal group for learning more about preterm care.
Infants who are born before 37 weeks of gestation and have birth weight less than 2.5 Kg are termed as Preterm Low-Birth Weight Neonates. It is vital to analyze the distribution of characteristics of Preterm Low-Birth Weight Neonates such as age at admission, sex, birth weight, gestational duration and nutritional approaches for meeting their needs of specialized care. The study aims to explore uniformity in Clinical Profile of these neonates. A cross-sectional study investigation was carried out among 122 neonates at a tertiary level NICU from July 2024 to December 2024 using consecutive sampling technique. Data was gathered on age, sex, birth weight, gestational age, and feeding practices using Case Record Form. The chi-square test was used to analyze the findings. It revealed thattheir birth weights point outneed for advanced NICU resources, and their diverse traits make them an ideal group for learning more about preterm care.
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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting women, especially during their reproductive years. It is characterized by irregular menstrual cycles, elevated levels of male hormones (androgens), and polycystic ovaries. PCOS is associated with metabolic disturbances, insulin resistance, hormonal imbalances, and ovulatory dysfunction. It can significantly impact a woman’s quality of life (QoL), leading to emotional, physical, and psychological challenges. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the QoL among women diagnosed with PCOS attending the outpatient department (OPD) of Prakash Hospital, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh. The study sample comprised 80 women aged 15–49 years, selected using purposive sampling. A self-structured checklist was used to assess QoL, covering four domains: emotions, sexual dysfunction, body image, and menstrual problems. Data were analyzed using chi-square tests to explore associations between demographic factors and QoL. Of the 80 participants, 45% reported good QoL, 46.25% had average QoL, and 8.75% experienced poor QoL. Significant associations were found between age, educational status, and the nature of menstruation with QoL. However, no significant associations were observed between occupation, marital status, weight, and other demographic variables. The findings indicate that while many women with PCOS maintain a good QoL, a significant portion experiences moderate to poor QoL. Age, education, and menstrual irregularities play a significant role in shaping QoL. Addressing both physical symptoms and psychological support is crucial for improving the QoL of women with PCOS.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting women, especially during their reproductive years. It is characterized by irregular menstrual cycles, elevated levels of male hormones (androgens), and polycystic ovaries. PCOS is associated with metabolic disturbances, insulin resistance, hormonal imbalances, and ovulatory dysfunction. It can significantly impact a woman’s quality of life (QoL), leading to emotional, physical, and psychological challenges. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the QoL among women diagnosed with PCOS attending the outpatient department (OPD) of Prakash Hospital, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh. The study sample comprised 80 women aged 15–49 years, selected using purposive sampling. A self-structured checklist was used to assess QoL, covering four domains: emotions, sexual dysfunction, body image, and menstrual problems. Data were analyzed using chi-square tests to explore associations between demographic factors and QoL. Of the 80 participants, 45% reported good QoL, 46.25% had average QoL, and 8.75% experienced poor QoL. Significant associations were found between age, educational status, and the nature of menstruation with QoL. However, no significant associations were observed between occupation, marital status, weight, and other demographic variables. The findings indicate that while many women with PCOS maintain a good QoL, a significant portion experiences moderate to poor QoL. Age, education, and menstrual irregularities play a significant role in shaping QoL. Addressing both physical symptoms and psychological support is crucial for improving the QoL of women with PCOS.
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The antimicrobial drug resistant against various bacterial strains have become a challenging situation for health due to which many classical antibiotics become inactive nowadays. To overcome this challenge, various antimicrobial agents have been developed to treat the infectious diseases spread by bacteria over the last decades. In the ongoing battle against bacterial infections, the need for new and effective antibacterial agents is paramount. Heterocyclic compounds regarded for drug discovery due to their drug like properties and structural characteristics. Pyrazole, a five-membered heterocyclic compound, has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its potential as an antibacterial agent. This review aims to explore the current research on pyrazole derivatives, highlight the efficacy and mechanisms of action of pyrazole as an antibacterial agent, which will be beneficial for medicinal chemists.
The antimicrobial drug resistant against various bacterial strains have become a challenging situation for health due to which many classical antibiotics become inactive nowadays. To overcome this challenge, various antimicrobial agents have been developed to treat the infectious diseases spread by bacteria over the last decades. In the ongoing battle against bacterial infections, the need for new and effective antibacterial agents is paramount. Heterocyclic compounds regarded for drug discovery due to their drug like properties and structural characteristics. Pyrazole, a five-membered heterocyclic compound, has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its potential as an antibacterial agent. This review aims to explore the current research on pyrazole derivatives, highlight the efficacy and mechanisms of action of pyrazole as an antibacterial agent, which will be beneficial for medicinal chemists.
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Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) is spread by mosquitoes and it is a major infection risk for people in Asia. Existing vaccines are good at preventing disease, but due to new viral forms, additional strategies are now required for treatment. For this study, molecule screening was performed virtually using Chrysopogonzizanioides’ compounds against vital JEV proteins like NS2B/NS3 protease (PDB ID: 4r8t) and the envelope glycoprotein (PDB ID: 3p54). A total of 253 phytochemicals were picked, reduced for energy and put into PDBQT format using AutoDock Vina in PyRx for docking. Article can be accessed online at www.publishingindia.com Target proteins were built by improving the structure and performing flexible docking simulations latently. Bonds between molecules were examined to choose inviting interactions for drug development. Some of the compounds showed good binding and ligand IMPHY012701 showed the strongest connections against both targets which suggests it might work as a dual-action inhibitor. These results serve as a base for making plant-derived drugs for JEV and prove how structure-based virtual screening can speed up finding new drugs.
Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) is spread by mosquitoes and it is a major infection risk for people in Asia. Existing vaccines are good at preventing disease, but due to new viral forms, additional strategies are now required for treatment. For this study, molecule screening was performed virtually using Chrysopogonzizanioides’ compounds against vital JEV proteins like NS2B/NS3 protease (PDB ID: 4r8t) and the envelope glycoprotein (PDB ID: 3p54). A total of 253 phytochemicals were picked, reduced for energy and put into PDBQT format using AutoDock Vina in PyRx for docking. Article can be accessed online at www.publishingindia.com Target proteins were built by improving the structure and performing flexible docking simulations latently. Bonds between molecules were examined to choose inviting interactions for drug development. Some of the compounds showed good binding and ligand IMPHY012701 showed the strongest connections against both targets which suggests it might work as a dual-action inhibitor. These results serve as a base for making plant-derived drugs for JEV and prove how structure-based virtual screening can speed up finding new drugs.
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In this manuscript detailed review was done on the synthesis, characterization and properties of two widely used materials, one is wide band gap semiconductors and second is ferrite nanoparticles for photocatlytic activities and dye degradation. The water pollution due to toxic dyes used in most of the textile industries is a big issue which need to be addressed and this manuscript deals with the solution to the problem. The synthesis of nanoparticles of individual material and their composite is explained in the manuscript. The modification in the properties of the composite is also explained.
In this manuscript detailed review was done on the synthesis, characterization and properties of two widely used materials, one is wide band gap semiconductors and second is ferrite nanoparticles for photocatlytic activities and dye degradation. The water pollution due to toxic dyes used in most of the textile industries is a big issue which need to be addressed and this manuscript deals with the solution to the problem. The synthesis of nanoparticles of individual material and their composite is explained in the manuscript. The modification in the properties of the composite is also explained.
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Athletes often suffer from various types of musculoskeletal injuries. It becomes essential to undergo rehabilitation for return to sports. There are many physiotherapy interventions that can be used in sports injuries. However, use of sensor based technology helps to reduce the rehabilitation time. The present review of literature was undertaken to find the application of sensor based technology in sports injuries. Methods: Various databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect were used for searching the literature using keywords such as sensor-based technology, robots etc. Results: It was found that sensors utilizing inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors were found to be commonly used for gathering movement related data. Among the injuries analyzed, joint sprains and knee injuries were the most extensively investigated. Conclusion: Application of sensor based technologies has improved the prevention of sport injuries. However, there is a need to incorporate sophisticated data processing, method, real life implementation, and representation of under explored areas like adaptive systems, which present potential areas for future innovation.
Athletes often suffer from various types of musculoskeletal injuries. It becomes essential to undergo rehabilitation for return to sports. There are many physiotherapy interventions that can be used in sports injuries. However, use of sensor based technology helps to reduce the rehabilitation time. The present review of literature was undertaken to find the application of sensor based technology in sports injuries. Methods: Various databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect were used for searching the literature using keywords such as sensor-based technology, robots etc. Results: It was found that sensors utilizing inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors were found to be commonly used for gathering movement related data. Among the injuries analyzed, joint sprains and knee injuries were the most extensively investigated. Conclusion: Application of sensor based technologies has improved the prevention of sport injuries. However, there is a need to incorporate sophisticated data processing, method, real life implementation, and representation of under explored areas like adaptive systems, which present potential areas for future innovation.
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Abstract
Independent living and community integration are hampered by cognitive impairment in older adults. The results of therapeutic tactics and cognitive resilience may be impacted by employment position. Using a structured aerobic and computer-based cognitive training program, the goal is to determine how improvements in cognitive function relate to changes in social participation and health-related quality of life in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) who are employed or unemployed. Methods: 168 older adults (60–65 years old) with MCI were randomly assigned to one of two groups: employed elderly (Group A; n = 84) or unemployed elderly (Group B; n = 84). A threemonth intervention consisting of four days a week of 30 minutes of computerized cognitive training and 30 minutes of walking was given to both groups. Community participation and quality of life were evaluated using the Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ) and EuroQoL-5D (EQ- 5D) at baseline, and at 6-month follow-up post intervention. Results-Both groups showed significant improvements in CIQ and EQ-5D scores post-intervention and at 6-month followup (p < 0.01). Group A (employed) showed a greater increase in CIQ scores (Mean difference = +4.2, p < 0.001) compared to Group B (+2.5, p < 0.01). EQ-5D scores also improved more significantly in Group A (Mean difference = +0.15, p < 0.001) than in Group B (+0.08, p = 0.03). A positive correlation was observed between CIQ and EQ-5D at follow-up (r = 0.63, p < 0.001), indicating that improved social participation was associated with better quality of life. Conclusion: Sequential aerobic and computer-based cognitive training improved community integration and health-related quality of life in elderly with MCI, with employed participants experiencing greater benefits. These findings emphasize the value of holistic interventions and the potential moderating effect of employment status.
Independent living and community integration are hampered by cognitive impairment in older adults. The results of therapeutic tactics and cognitive resilience may be impacted by employment position. Using a structured aerobic and computer-based cognitive training program, the goal is to determine how improvements in cognitive function relate to changes in social participation and health-related quality of life in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) who are employed or unemployed. Methods: 168 older adults (60–65 years old) with MCI were randomly assigned to one of two groups: employed elderly (Group A; n = 84) or unemployed elderly (Group B; n = 84). A threemonth intervention consisting of four days a week of 30 minutes of computerized cognitive training and 30 minutes of walking was given to both groups. Community participation and quality of life were evaluated using the Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ) and EuroQoL-5D (EQ- 5D) at baseline, and at 6-month follow-up post intervention. Results-Both groups showed significant improvements in CIQ and EQ-5D scores post-intervention and at 6-month followup (p < 0.01). Group A (employed) showed a greater increase in CIQ scores (Mean difference = +4.2, p < 0.001) compared to Group B (+2.5, p < 0.01). EQ-5D scores also improved more significantly in Group A (Mean difference = +0.15, p < 0.001) than in Group B (+0.08, p = 0.03). A positive correlation was observed between CIQ and EQ-5D at follow-up (r = 0.63, p < 0.001), indicating that improved social participation was associated with better quality of life. Conclusion: Sequential aerobic and computer-based cognitive training improved community integration and health-related quality of life in elderly with MCI, with employed participants experiencing greater benefits. These findings emphasize the value of holistic interventions and the potential moderating effect of employment status.
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Abstract
A major part of the sustainable and regular waste management hierarchy is energy reproduction and creating the usable product through many waste capitals to support the concept of circular economies with appropriate framework and to minimize the challenges of waste originated problems of sanitation, environment, and public health. Because of limited funds and inadequate infrastructure and facilities to sustain effective and technical global standards, waste discarding of any item to landfills is usually employed approach in today’s globe, especially in poor countries. Consequently, the dump-sites or non-sanitary landfills have become the main causes of greenhouse gas emissions, soil and water contamination, bad smells, leachate, and disease carrying vectors, flies, and rats. Still, if properly and sensibly controlled, trash can be a possible source of fuels, energy, and value-added goods
A major part of the sustainable and regular waste management hierarchy is energy reproduction and creating the usable product through many waste capitals to support the concept of circular economies with appropriate framework and to minimize the challenges of waste originated problems of sanitation, environment, and public health. Because of limited funds and inadequate infrastructure and facilities to sustain effective and technical global standards, waste discarding of any item to landfills is usually employed approach in today’s globe, especially in poor countries. Consequently, the dump-sites or non-sanitary landfills have become the main causes of greenhouse gas emissions, soil and water contamination, bad smells, leachate, and disease carrying vectors, flies, and rats. Still, if properly and sensibly controlled, trash can be a possible source of fuels, energy, and value-added goods
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