Journal of Scientific and Technical Research
Issue 2, 2018
Original Articles
Abstract
The feasibility of using solid nanoparticles as ultrasound contrast agent have been called into question on the ground that the size of a nano-particle is much smaller than the wavelength of ultrasonic wave, therefore, backscattering from these particles will obviously be poor and hence, poor echogenicity would give poor image quality. However, appropriate size metal nanoparticles exhibit some important properties, such as, bio-conjugation and Enhanced Permeability Retention (EPR) effect. Due to different acoustic impedance of solid nanoparticles than that of the biological tissues, the solid nanoparticles become a better ultrasound contrast agent than that of microbubbles. When solid nanoparticles are exposed to ultrasound waves during imaging they remain stable. In present work, we have synthesized solid nano-particles of gold to study its applications as Ultrasound Contrast Agent (USCA). With existing ultrasound technology, it appears that gold nano-particles of size 10 nm may not be suitable for Ultrasound Contrast Agent (USCA) as it failed to improve image brightness or even image quality. The size of nanoparticles are very small, therefore, it circulate inside the region of interest (human body) for sufficient duration to complete the imaging process
The feasibility of using solid nanoparticles as ultrasound contrast agent have been called into question on the ground that the size of a nano-particle is much smaller than the wavelength of ultrasonic wave, therefore, backscattering from these particles will obviously be poor and hence, poor echogenicity would give poor image quality. However, appropriate size metal nanoparticles exhibit some important properties, such as, bio-conjugation and Enhanced Permeability Retention (EPR) effect. Due to different acoustic impedance of solid nanoparticles than that of the biological tissues, the solid nanoparticles become a better ultrasound contrast agent than that of microbubbles. When solid nanoparticles are exposed to ultrasound waves during imaging they remain stable. In present work, we have synthesized solid nano-particles of gold to study its applications as Ultrasound Contrast Agent (USCA). With existing ultrasound technology, it appears that gold nano-particles of size 10 nm may not be suitable for Ultrasound Contrast Agent (USCA) as it failed to improve image brightness or even image quality. The size of nanoparticles are very small, therefore, it circulate inside the region of interest (human body) for sufficient duration to complete the imaging process
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Abstract
PLA is biodegradable and bioactive thermoplastic aliphatic polyester derived from renewable sources and mango seed kernel starch also being a biodegradable and nutritive material; an eco friendly, biodegradable bio compound was prepared by using PLA and mango seed kernel starch. The compound was made having varying composition of unmodified mango seed kernel starch and modified mango seed kernel starch viz. 5%, 10%, 15% in PLA using solvent casting method. Addition of starch and modified starch resulted in reduced transparency. Whereas, the water absorption, moisture absorption and tensile strength increased with addition of unmodified starch but reduced when modified starch was added. The soil burial test revealed that PLA virgin film remained as such but the addition of starch improved the degradation of PLA films. The DSC scans showed that there was no significant change in the glass transition temperature (Tg), melting temperature (Tm) and crystallization temperature (Tc) of PLA films and starch based PLA films. These properties and the biodegradable nature of the films make it useful for packaging in food industry, agriculture, medical field etc.
PLA is biodegradable and bioactive thermoplastic aliphatic polyester derived from renewable sources and mango seed kernel starch also being a biodegradable and nutritive material; an eco friendly, biodegradable bio compound was prepared by using PLA and mango seed kernel starch. The compound was made having varying composition of unmodified mango seed kernel starch and modified mango seed kernel starch viz. 5%, 10%, 15% in PLA using solvent casting method. Addition of starch and modified starch resulted in reduced transparency. Whereas, the water absorption, moisture absorption and tensile strength increased with addition of unmodified starch but reduced when modified starch was added. The soil burial test revealed that PLA virgin film remained as such but the addition of starch improved the degradation of PLA films. The DSC scans showed that there was no significant change in the glass transition temperature (Tg), melting temperature (Tm) and crystallization temperature (Tc) of PLA films and starch based PLA films. These properties and the biodegradable nature of the films make it useful for packaging in food industry, agriculture, medical field etc.
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Abstract
Adsorption is adhesion of a chemical species on the surface of adsorbents particles. In general adsorption can be defined as accumulation or, depletion of solute molecules at an interface. Lead is one of the most toxic heavy metals, is attracting wide attention of environmentalists due to its acute and chronic toxic effects in animal and human health. Alumina is one of the most widely used ceramics due to its high specific surface area, very good thermal stability and amphoteric properties. A R grade lead nitrate (Pb(NO3)2) (99.0% purity) and alumina (Al2O3) (99.9% purity) were used as adsorbate and adsorbent respectively for study. The present study was carried out to evaluate feasibility of aluminium (III) oxide powder for the removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution through batch adsorption process. The effects of adsorbent dose, contact, time, concentration, temperature and pH value of the adsorbate were studied. The percentage amount adsorbed increases with increase in dilution and pH value. On the other hand decreases with the rise of temperature. The percentage amount adsorbed is optimum for 0.1 mole l-1 concentration, 298K temperature and pH value of 8.5. The decrease of adsorption with increase in temperature indicates the process of adsorption is physical in nature. The present research work describes the kinetics and mechanism of the adsorption process in details
Adsorption is adhesion of a chemical species on the surface of adsorbents particles. In general adsorption can be defined as accumulation or, depletion of solute molecules at an interface. Lead is one of the most toxic heavy metals, is attracting wide attention of environmentalists due to its acute and chronic toxic effects in animal and human health. Alumina is one of the most widely used ceramics due to its high specific surface area, very good thermal stability and amphoteric properties. A R grade lead nitrate (Pb(NO3)2) (99.0% purity) and alumina (Al2O3) (99.9% purity) were used as adsorbate and adsorbent respectively for study. The present study was carried out to evaluate feasibility of aluminium (III) oxide powder for the removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution through batch adsorption process. The effects of adsorbent dose, contact, time, concentration, temperature and pH value of the adsorbate were studied. The percentage amount adsorbed increases with increase in dilution and pH value. On the other hand decreases with the rise of temperature. The percentage amount adsorbed is optimum for 0.1 mole l-1 concentration, 298K temperature and pH value of 8.5. The decrease of adsorption with increase in temperature indicates the process of adsorption is physical in nature. The present research work describes the kinetics and mechanism of the adsorption process in details
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Abstract
In embryonic countries like India the most imperative requirement of any project after performance criteria is its economical prospect and service ability criteria. The conservative methods are time consuming and are not economically feasible. Hence, it is necessary to find out the other substitute to gratify the performance and efficiency. Bio-enzymatic effects on soil sample are discussed below. Nowadays, soil stabilization through bio-enzyme is a new and world famous technique. Soil stabilization is the method which improves properties of soil. Soil is used as sub base and base material, if strength of soil is poor, then stabilization is usually required. Bio-enzyme, a liquid organic formula is used as a soil stabilizer, which boost the engineering characteristics of soil through cationic exchange. It provides chance to enhance the characteristics of dirt roads having high percentage fines constructed with soil, through bioenzymatic stabilization. Nowadays some bio-enzymes like Terra-Zyme, Renolith, Fujibeton and Perma-Zyme are most efficient and economical in soil stabilisation. Most important advantage of the bio-enzyme is that these are eco- friendly. To transform the engineering properties of soil, mixing of bioenzymes in soil sample takes place. There are many factors like dose of bio enzyme, soil type and condition of field plays vital role for their efficiency. Due to unconsciousness among engineers and scarcity of standardized data soil stabilization through bio-enzyme is not widely used. However, recently in various parts of India construction of roads which are stabilized through bio-enzyme gives better performance.
In embryonic countries like India the most imperative requirement of any project after performance criteria is its economical prospect and service ability criteria. The conservative methods are time consuming and are not economically feasible. Hence, it is necessary to find out the other substitute to gratify the performance and efficiency. Bio-enzymatic effects on soil sample are discussed below. Nowadays, soil stabilization through bio-enzyme is a new and world famous technique. Soil stabilization is the method which improves properties of soil. Soil is used as sub base and base material, if strength of soil is poor, then stabilization is usually required. Bio-enzyme, a liquid organic formula is used as a soil stabilizer, which boost the engineering characteristics of soil through cationic exchange. It provides chance to enhance the characteristics of dirt roads having high percentage fines constructed with soil, through bioenzymatic stabilization. Nowadays some bio-enzymes like Terra-Zyme, Renolith, Fujibeton and Perma-Zyme are most efficient and economical in soil stabilisation. Most important advantage of the bio-enzyme is that these are eco- friendly. To transform the engineering properties of soil, mixing of bioenzymes in soil sample takes place. There are many factors like dose of bio enzyme, soil type and condition of field plays vital role for their efficiency. Due to unconsciousness among engineers and scarcity of standardized data soil stabilization through bio-enzyme is not widely used. However, recently in various parts of India construction of roads which are stabilized through bio-enzyme gives better performance.
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Abstract
Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction is used to obtain extracts from the herbs: 1. Tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum), 2. Mint (Mentha), 3. Motha (Cyperus rotundus) and 4. Changeri (Oxalis corniculata). The influence of pressure and modifiers on the oil yield and content was studied. The extraction pressure ranged from 18.5 to 26.5 MPa at 48 °C. Ethanol was used as a modifier. Components in the extracts were analysed by gas-liquid chromatography and identified using an existing retention index database. Both extraction pressure and fluid modifier alter the extraction yield and its composition. The antimicrobial activity test by the Agar Well Diffusion method of the Tulsi and Mint extract
Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction is used to obtain extracts from the herbs: 1. Tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum), 2. Mint (Mentha), 3. Motha (Cyperus rotundus) and 4. Changeri (Oxalis corniculata). The influence of pressure and modifiers on the oil yield and content was studied. The extraction pressure ranged from 18.5 to 26.5 MPa at 48 °C. Ethanol was used as a modifier. Components in the extracts were analysed by gas-liquid chromatography and identified using an existing retention index database. Both extraction pressure and fluid modifier alter the extraction yield and its composition. The antimicrobial activity test by the Agar Well Diffusion method of the Tulsi and Mint extract
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Abstract
A natural discharge of ground water with elevated temperature with respect to the surrounding are called as hot springs. Most of the hot springs is rich in several kinds of chemicals and minerals. The Sitakund hot springs sites are most famous hot spring and it cures many bone related diseases like Arthritis, Osteoporosis and various skin related diseases. The water samples from three selected hot spring sites were collected in pre-cleaned and sterile reagent bottles during October 2014 to June 2016 tri-annually. The collected samples were stored in refrigerator and preserved as per preservation method till the completion of their analysis and compared with W.H.O., C.P.C.B., B.I.S., drinking water quality standards
A natural discharge of ground water with elevated temperature with respect to the surrounding are called as hot springs. Most of the hot springs is rich in several kinds of chemicals and minerals. The Sitakund hot springs sites are most famous hot spring and it cures many bone related diseases like Arthritis, Osteoporosis and various skin related diseases. The water samples from three selected hot spring sites were collected in pre-cleaned and sterile reagent bottles during October 2014 to June 2016 tri-annually. The collected samples were stored in refrigerator and preserved as per preservation method till the completion of their analysis and compared with W.H.O., C.P.C.B., B.I.S., drinking water quality standards
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Abstract
Molecular interaction between nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID)/analgesic/antipyretic drug and antiepileptic drug was studied taking views effectiveness and enhanced pharmaceutical properties. The objective of the present communication is to highlight thermodynamic and interfacial investigation of paracetamol (PCM) and phenobarbital (PB) binary drugs. The value of integral excess Gibbs energy gE in the PCM-PB system shows the positive deviation from ideal behaviour. It refers stronger association between the molecules of same drug during formation of binary mix. The negative value of Gibbs free energy of mixing (ΔGM) suggests the mixing of parent drug in eutectic and non eutectic binary drug is spontaneous. The interfacial property of binary drugs has been determined by the help of interfacial energy (σ) and roughness parameter (α). The size of critical nucleus of binary drug at different undercoolings was in nano size is substantiated its great future for pharmaceutical industries
Molecular interaction between nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID)/analgesic/antipyretic drug and antiepileptic drug was studied taking views effectiveness and enhanced pharmaceutical properties. The objective of the present communication is to highlight thermodynamic and interfacial investigation of paracetamol (PCM) and phenobarbital (PB) binary drugs. The value of integral excess Gibbs energy gE in the PCM-PB system shows the positive deviation from ideal behaviour. It refers stronger association between the molecules of same drug during formation of binary mix. The negative value of Gibbs free energy of mixing (ΔGM) suggests the mixing of parent drug in eutectic and non eutectic binary drug is spontaneous. The interfacial property of binary drugs has been determined by the help of interfacial energy (σ) and roughness parameter (α). The size of critical nucleus of binary drug at different undercoolings was in nano size is substantiated its great future for pharmaceutical industries
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